{"id":20597,"date":"2021-03-22T09:08:57","date_gmt":"2021-03-22T09:08:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/prrscontrolidiomas.advertis.es\/4-diversidad-genetica\/"},"modified":"2021-03-26T09:20:09","modified_gmt":"2021-03-26T09:20:09","slug":"diversidad-genetica","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/es\/el-virus-prrs\/diversidad-genetica\/","title":{"rendered":"4<\/span> Diversidad gen\u00e9tica"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column width=\u00bb1\/1″][vc_column_text el_class=\u00bbintro\u00bb]Desde el principio, se estableci\u00f3 la existencia de dos genotipos del virus del PRRS: Europeo o\u00a0Tipo 1<\/strong> (prototipo virus de Lelystad) y Americano o Tipo 2<\/strong> (prototipo VR-2332).<\/p>\n

Curiosamente,\u00a0la similitud<\/strong> entre ambos prototipos en t\u00e9rminos de secuencia<\/strong> nucleot\u00eddica es tan s\u00f3lo del\u00a055%<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

De hecho, recientemente se han reclasificado como dos especies virales distintas:\u00a0PRRSV1 y PRRSV2 (International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses: ICTV).<\/p>\n

La diversidad en las secuencias nucleot\u00eddicas dentro de cada especie supera el 20%<\/strong> (hasta\u00a0el 30% en PRRSV1 y alrededor del 21% en PRRSV2).[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\u00bbdestacado\u00bb]<\/p>\n

\n

Un sello distintivo del virus del PRRS es su\u00a0diversidad gen\u00e9tica extremadamente alta.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Una cantidad significativa de subtipos<\/strong> y clados han sido identificados en ambas especies.<\/p>\n

Dentro del PRRSV1<\/strong>, existen al menos 4 subtipos distintos<\/strong>: el subtipo I predominante en la\u00a0Europa occidental, y los subtipos II-IV, aislados principalmente en los pa\u00edses situados al\u00a0Este de Polonia.<\/p>\n

Parece ser que la diversidad dentro de los subtipos II-IV es mayor que dentro del subtipo\u00a0I (18,2% frente a 11,9% en la ORF5, respectivamente).<\/p>\n

Respecto al PRRSV2<\/strong>, aunque la\u00a0existencia de subtipos a\u00fan no se ha definido, existen diversos linajes dentro de dos\u00a0clados bien definidos<\/strong>: siete linajes a partir de aislados americanos y dos linajes exclusivos\u00a0aislados del Sudeste Asi\u00e1tico.<\/p>\n

La localizaci\u00f3n de la diversidad gen\u00e9tica no es constante a lo largo del genoma virus, sino\u00a0que se concentra principalmente en las ORF1a, ORF3 y ORF4.[\/vc_column_text]

\"\"<\/a><\/div>[vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Es importante subrayar que el an\u00e1lisis filogen\u00e9tico<\/strong> realizado con el objeto de determinar\u00a0subtipos y linajes se ha basado generalmente en la ORF5<\/strong>, la cual representa un porcentaje\u00a0peque\u00f1o del genoma del virus. Por tanto, no podemos descartar que estas clasificaciones\u00a0cambien en el futuro cuando se realicen usando el genoma completo.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\u00bbaviso\u00bb]<\/p>\n

\n

\u00a9 Laboratorios Hipra, S.A. 2026. Reservados todos los derechos.
\nNinguna parte de este sitio web o cualquiera de sus contenidos puede ser reproducida, copiada, modificada o adaptada, sin el consentimiento previo por escrito de HIPRA.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row top_padding=\u00bb30″ row_id=\u00bbreferencias\u00bb][vc_column width=\u00bb1\/1″]

<\/i>Referencias<\/div>

\n

    \n
  • Allende R, Laegreid WW, Kutish GF, Galeota JA, Wills RW, Osorio FA. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus: description of persistence in individual pigs upon experimental infection. J Virol. 2000, 74:10834-7.<\/li>\n
  • Allende R, Kutish GF, Laegreid W, Lu Z, Lewis TL, Rock DL, Friesen J, Galeota JA, Doster AR, Osorio FA. Mutations in the genome of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus responsible for the attenuation phenotype. Arch Virol. 2000, 145:1149-61.<\/li>\n
  • Brockmeier SL, Loving CL, Palmer MV, Spear A, Nicholson TL, Faaberg KS, Lager KM. Comparison of Asian porcine high fever disease isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus to United States isolates for their ability to cause disease and secondary bacterial infection in swine. Vet Microbiol. 2017, 203:6-17.<\/li>\n
  • Chang CC, Yoon KJ, Zimmerman JJ, Harmon KM, Dixon PM, Dvorak CM, Murtaugh MP. Evolution of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus during sequential passages in pigs. J Virol. 2002, 76:4750-63.<\/li>\n
  • Cortey M, D\u00edaz I, Mart\u00edn-Valls GE, Mateu E. Next-generation sequencing as a tool for the study of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) macro- and micro- molecular epidemiology. Vet Microbiol. 2017. doi: 10.1016\/j.vetmic.2017.02.002.<\/li>\n
  • Darwich L, Gimeno M Sibila M, Diaz I, de la Torre E, Dotti S, Kuzemtseva L, Martin M, Pujols J, Mateu E. Genetic and immunobiological diversities of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome genotype I strains. Vet Microbiol. 2011, 150:49-62.<\/li>\n
  • Dea S, Gagnon CA, Mardassi H, Pirzadeh B, Rogan D. Current knowledge on the structural proteins of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus: comparison of the North American and European isolates. Arch Virol. 2000, 145:659-88.<\/li>\n
  • D\u00edaz I, Gimeno M, Darwich L, Navarro N, Kuzemtseva L, L\u00f3pez S, Galindo I, Segal\u00e9s J, Mart\u00edn M, Pujols J, Mateu E. Characterization of homologous and heterologous adaptive immune responses in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection. Vet Res. 2012, 19:43:30.<\/li>\n
  • Dokland T. The structural biology of PRRSV. Virus Res. 2010, 154:86-97.<\/li>\n
  • Domingo E, Holland JJ. RNA virus mutations and fitness for survival. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1997, 51:151-78<\/li>\n
  • Dunowska M1, Biggs PJ, Zheng T, Perrott MR. Identification of a novel nidovirus associated with a neurological disease of the Australian brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula). Vet Microbiol. 2012, 156:418-24.<\/li>\n
  • Frydas IS, Nauwynck HJ. Replication characteristics of eight virulent and two attenuated genotype 1 and 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) strains in nasal mucosa explants. Vet Microbiol. 2016, 182:156-62.<\/li>\n
  • Frydas IS, Trus I, Kvisgaard LK, Bonckaert C, Reddy VR, Li Y, Larsen LE, Nauwynck HJ. Different clinical, virological, serological and tissue tropism outcomes of two new and one old Belgian type 1 subtype 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory virus (PRRSV) isolates. Vet Res. 2015, 46:37.<\/li>\n
  • Gimeno M, Darwich L, Diaz I, de la Torre E, Pujols J, Mart\u00edn M, Inumaru S, Cano E, Domingo M, Montoya M, Mateu E. Cytokine profiles and phenotype regulation of antigen presenting cells by genotype-I porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates. Vet Res. 2011, 18:42:9.<\/li>\n
  • Goldberg TL1, Lowe JF, Milburn SM, Firkins LD. Quasispecies variation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus during natural infection. Virology. 2003, 317:197-207.<\/li>\n
  • Halbur P, Bush E. Update on abortion storms and sow mortality. Swine Health Prod. 1997, 5:73.<\/li>\n
  • Han J, Wang Y, Faaberg KS. Complete genome analysis of RFLP 184 isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Virus Res. 2006, 122:175-82.<\/li>\n
  • Virus taxonomy: classification and nomenclature of viruses: Ninth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Ed: King AMQ, Adams MJ, Carstens EB, Lefkowitz EJ. Elsevier Academic Press. 2012.<\/li>\n
  • Johnson CR, Griggs TF, Gnanandarajah J, Murtaugh MP. Novel structural protein in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus encoded by an alternative ORF5 present in all arteriviruses. J Gen Virol. 2011, 92:1107-16.<\/li>\n
  • Le Gall A, Albina E, Magar R, Gauthier JP. Antigenic variability of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus isolates. Influence of virus passage in pig. Vet Res. 1997, 28:247-57.<\/li>\n
  • Kapur V, Elam MR, Pawlovich TM, Murtaugh MP. Genetic variation in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates in the midwestern United States. J Gen Virol. 1996, 77:1271-6.<\/li>\n
  • Kuhn JH, Lauck M, Bailey AL, Shchetinin AM, Vishnevskaya TV, B\u00e0o Y, Ng TF, LeBreton M, Schneider BS, Gillis A, Tamoufe U, Diffo Jle D, Takuo JM, Kondov NO, Coffey LL, Wolfe ND, Delwart E, Clawson AN, Postnikova E, Bollinger L, Lackemeyer MG, Radoshitzky SR, Palacios G, Wada J, Shevtsova ZV, Jahrling PB, Lapin BA, Deriabin PG, Dunowska M, Alkhovsky SV, Rogers J, Friedrich TC, O’Connor DH, Goldberg TL. Reorganization and expansion of the nidoviral family Arteriviridae. Arch Virol. 2016, 161:755-68.<\/li>\n
  • Lee C, Yoo D. The small envelope protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus possesses ion channel protein-like properties. Virology. 2006, 355:30-43.<\/li>\n
  • Martelli P, Cordioli P, Fallacara F, Gozio S, Terreni M, Cavirani S. A follow up study of recurrent acute PRRS (Atypical PRRS-SAMS) and genetic variations of ORF5. In Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Emerging and Re-emerging Pig Diseases, 75-76, 2003, Italy.<\/li>\n
  • Mart\u00edn-Valls GE, Kvisgaard LK, Tello M, Darwich L, Cortey M, Burgara-Estrella AJ, Hern\u00e1ndez J, Larsen LE, Mateu E. Analysis of ORF5 and full-length genome sequences of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates of genotypes 1 and 2 retrieved worldwide provides evidence that recombination is a common phenomenon and may produce mosaic isolates. J Virol. 2014, 88:3170-81.<\/li>\n
  • Mengeling WL, Lager KM, Vorwald AC. Clinical consequences of exposing pregnant gilts to strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus isolated from field cases of \u201catypical\u201d PRRS. Am J Vet Res. 1998, 59:1540\u20134.<\/li>\n
  • Meulenberg JJ, Petersen-den Besten A, De Kluyver EP, Moormann RJ, Schaaper WM, Wensvoort G. Characterization of proteins encoded by ORFs 2 to 7 of Lelystad virus. Virology. 1995, 206:155-63.<\/li>\n
  • Meulenberg JJ, Petersen den Besten A, de Kluyver E, van Nieuwstadt A, Wensvoort G, Moormann RJ. Molecular characterization of Lelystad virus. Vet Microbiol. 1997, 55:197-202.<\/li>\n
  • Morgan SB, Frossard JP, Pallares FJ, Gough J, Stadejek T, Graham SP, Steinbach F, Drew TW, Salguero FJ. Pathology and virus distribution in the lung and lymphoid tissues of pigs experimentally inoculated with three distinct type 1 prrs virus isolates of varying pathogenicity. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2014. doi: 10.1111\/tbed.12272.<\/li>\n
  • Morgan SB, Graham SP, Salguero FJ, S\u00e1nchez Cord\u00f3n PJ, Mokhtar H, Rebel JM, Weesendorp E, Bodman-Smith KB, Steinbach F, Frossard JP. Increased pathogenicity of European porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus is associated with enhanced adaptive responses and viral clearance. Vet Microbiol. 2013, 163: 13-22.<\/li>\n
  • Murtaugh MP, Elam MR, Kakach LT. Comparison of the structural protein coding sequences of the VR-2332 and Lelystad virus strains of the PRRS virus. Arch Virol. 1995, 140:1451-60.<\/li>\n
  • Murtaugh MP, Yuan S, Faaberg KS. Appearance of novel PRRSV isolates by recombination in the natural environment. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2001, 494:31-6.<\/li>\n
  • Murtaugh MP, Stadejek T, Abrahante JE, Lam TT, Leung FC. The ever-expanding diversity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Virus Res. 2010, 154:18-30.<\/li>\n
  • Music N, Gagnon CA. The role of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus structural and non-structural proteins in virus pathogenesis. Anim Health Res Rev. 2010, 11:135-63.<\/li>\n
  • Oleksiewicz MB, Stadejek T, Ma\u0107kiewicz Z, Porowski M, Pejsak Z. Discriminating between serological responses to European-genotype live vaccine and European-genotype field strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) by peptide ELISA. J Virol Methods. 2005, 129:134-44.<\/li>\n
  • Rowland RR, Steffen M, Ackerman T, Benfield DA. The evolution of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus: quasispecies and emergence of a virus subpopulation during infection of pigs with VR-2332. Virology. 1999, 259:262-6.<\/li>\n
  • Shi M, Lam TT, Hon CC, Hui RK, Faaberg KS, Wennblom T, Murtaugh MP, Stadejek T, Leung FC. Molecular epidemiology of PRRSV: a phylogenetic perspective. Virus Res. 2010, 154:7-17.<\/li>\n
  • Sinn LJ, Zieglowski L, Koinig H, Lamp B, Jansko B, M\u00f6\u00dflacher G, Riedel C, Hennig-Pauka I, R\u00fcmenapf T. Characterization of two Austrian porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) field isolates reveals relationship to East Asian strains. Vet Res.\u00a02016, \u00a047:17.<\/li>\n
  • Snijder EJ, Meulenberg JJ. The molecular biology of arteriviruses. J Gen Virol. 1998, 79:961-79. Snijder EJ, Dobbe JC, Spaan WJ. Heterodimerization of the two major proteins is essential for arterivirus infectivity. J Virol. 2003, 77:97-104. Snijder EJ, Kikkert M, Fang Y. Arterivirus molecular biology and pathogenesis. J Gen Virol. 2013, 94:2141-63.<\/li>\n
  • Spilman MS, Welbon C, Nelson E, Dokland T. Cryo-electron tomography of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus: organization of the nucleocapsid. J Gen Virol. 2009, 90:527-35.<\/li>\n
  • Stadejek T, Oleksiewicz MB, Potapchuk D, Podg\u00f3rska K. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strains of exceptional diversity in Eastern Europe support the definition of new genetic subtypes. J Gen Virol. 2006, 87:1835-41.<\/li>\n
  • Stadejek T, Stankevicius A, Murtaugh MP, Oleksiewicz MB. Molecular evolution of PRRSV in Europe: current state of play. Vet Microbiol. 2013, 165:21-8.<\/li>\n
  • Sun L, Li Y, Liu R, Wang X, Gao F, Lin T, Huang T, Yao H, Tong G, Fan H, Wei Z, Yuan S. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus ORF5a protein is essential for virus viability. Virus Res. 2013, 171:178-85.<\/li>\n
  • Tian D, Wei Z, Zevenhoven-Dobbe JC, Liu R, Tong G, Snijder EJ, Yuan S. Arterivirus minor envelope proteins are a major determinant of viral tropism in cell culture. J Virol. 2012, 86:3701-12.<\/li>\n
  • Truong HM, Lu Z, Kutish GF, Galeota J, Osorio FA, Pattnaik AK. A highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus generated from an infectious cDNA clone retains the in vivo virulence and transmissibility properties of the parental virus. Virology. 2004, 325:308\u201319.<\/li>\n
  • Van Vugt JJ, Storgaard T, Oleksiewicz MB, B\u00f8tner A. High frequency RNA recombination in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus occurs preferentially between parental sequences with high similarity. J Gen Virol. 2001, 82:2615-20.<\/li>\n
  • Wang X, Marthaler D, Rovira A, Rossow S, Murtaugh MP. Emergence of a virulent porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in vaccinated herds in the United States. Virus Res. 2015, 210:34-41.<\/li>\n
  • Weiland E, Wieczorek-Krohmer M, Kohl D, Conzelmann KK, Weiland F. Monoclonal antibodies to the GP5 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus are more effective in virus neutralization than monoclonal antibodies to the GP4. Vet Microbiol. 1999, 66:171-86.<\/li>\n
  • Wissink EH, Kroese MV, van Wijk HA, Rijsewijk FA, Meulenberg JJ, Rottier PJ. Envelope protein requirements for the assembly of infectious virions of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. J Virol. 2005, 79:12495-506.<\/li>\n
  • Zhao K, Ye C, Chang XB, Jiang CG, Wang SJ, Cai XH, Tong GZ, Tian ZJ, Shi M, An TQ. Importation and Recombination Are Responsible for the Latest Emergence of Highly Pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in China. J Virol. 2015, 89:10712-6.<\/li>\n
  • Zimmerman JJ, Benfield DA, Dee SA, Murtaugh MP, Stadejek T, Stevenson GW, Torremorell M. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (porcine arterivirus). In: 10th ed. Diseases of swine, Ed. Wiley-Blackwell. 2012, 31:463-86.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n
    <\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    [vc_row][vc_column width=\u00bb1\/1″][vc_column_text el_class=\u00bbintro\u00bb]Desde el principio, se estableci\u00f3 la existencia de dos genotipos del virus del PRRS: Europeo o\u00a0Tipo 1 (prototipo virus de Lelystad) y Americano o Tipo 2 (prototipo VR-2332). Curiosamente,\u00a0la similitud entre ambos prototipos en t\u00e9rminos de secuencia nucleot\u00eddica es tan s\u00f3lo del\u00a055%. De hecho, recientemente se han reclasificado como dos especies virales distintas:\u00a0PRRSV1 y PRRSV2 (International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses: ICTV). La diversidad en las secuencias nucleot\u00eddicas dentro de cada especie supera el 20% (hasta\u00a0el 30% en PRRSV1 y alrededor del 21% en PRRSV2).[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\u00bbdestacado\u00bb] Un sello distintivo del virus del PRRS es su\u00a0diversidad gen\u00e9tica extremadamente alta. [\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Una cantidad significativa de subtipos y clados han sido identificados en ambas especies. Dentro del PRRSV1, existen al menos 4 subtipos distintos: el subtipo I predominante en la\u00a0Europa occidental, y los subtipos II-IV, aislados principalmente en los pa\u00edses situados al\u00a0Este de Polonia. Parece ser que la diversidad dentro de los subtipos II-IV es mayor que dentro del subtipo\u00a0I (18,2% frente a 11,9% en la ORF5, respectivamente). Respecto al PRRSV2, aunque la\u00a0existencia de subtipos a\u00fan no se ha definido, existen diversos linajes dentro de dos\u00a0clados bien definidos: siete linajes a partir de aislados americanos y dos linajes exclusivos\u00a0aislados del Sudeste Asi\u00e1tico. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":17056,"parent":20609,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_cbd_carousel_blocks":"[]","yasr_overall_rating":0,"yasr_post_is_review":"","yasr_auto_insert_disabled":"","yasr_review_type":"Product","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20597","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yasr_visitor_votes":{"number_of_votes":0,"sum_votes":0,"stars_attributes":{"read_only":false,"span_bottom":false}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20597","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/19"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20597"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20597\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20836,"href":"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20597\/revisions\/20836"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20609"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17056"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20597"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20597"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20597"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}