{"id":20679,"date":"2021-03-22T16:08:33","date_gmt":"2021-03-22T16:08:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/prrscontrolidiomas.advertis.es\/2-son-utiles-las-vacunas-de-prrs\/"},"modified":"2022-12-19T14:25:40","modified_gmt":"2022-12-19T14:25:40","slug":"son-utiles-las-vacunas-de-prrs","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/es\/vacunacion-prrs\/son-utiles-las-vacunas-de-prrs\/","title":{"rendered":"<span>2<\/span> \u00bfSon \u00fatiles las vacunas de PRRS?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row][vc_column width=\u00bb1\/1&#8243;][vc_column_text]Aunque existen muchas <strong>vacunas<\/strong> disponibles de PRRS, sabemos que <strong>ninguna otorga una\u00a0protecci\u00f3n completa ni universal frente a la infecci\u00f3n<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Como ya se ha comentado, existen\u00a0dos razones principales:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>La elevada diversidad gen\u00e9tica del virus.<\/li>\n<li>El virus modula las respuestas inmunitarias.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\u00bbintro\u00bb]Entonces\u2026 debemos plantearnos la siguiente pregunta: <strong>\u00bfSon las vacunas de PRRS \u00fatiles?<\/strong>\u00a0La respuesta es clara y contundente: <strong>CATEG\u00d3RICAMENTE, S\u00cd<\/strong>.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\u00bbdestacado\u00bb]<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>Aunque la vacunaci\u00f3n no otorga necesariamente protecci\u00f3n\u00a0completa contra la infecci\u00f3n, puede reducir el impacto de la\u00a0enfermedad.<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]La protecci\u00f3n que aportan las vacunas ha sido evaluada tanto a nivel individual como\u00a0poblacional.<\/p>\n<p>Las vacunas han demostrado ser \u00fatiles para proteger de forma parcial (desaf\u00edo heter\u00f3logo) o total (desaf\u00edo hom\u00f3logo) frente a la infecci\u00f3n transplacentaria.<\/p>\n<p>Dada la elevada diversidad gen\u00e9tica del virus, en el campo todas las infecciones deben\u00a0considerarse como heter\u00f3logas. De todos modos, en estos casos las vacunas pueden\u00a0aportar niveles significativos de protecci\u00f3n en t\u00e9rminos cl\u00ednicos (mejorando los par\u00e1metros\u00a0reproductivos y la viabilidad de los lechones).<\/p>\n<p>La protecci\u00f3n parcial o total virol\u00f3gica y\/o\u00a0cl\u00ednica tambi\u00e9n se ha demostrado en lechones.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\u00bbdestacado\u00bb]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Las vacunas tienen efectos beneficiosos en t\u00e9rminos de protecci\u00f3n cl\u00ednica.<\/li>\n<li>Las vacunas pueden reducir la proporci\u00f3n de cerdos vir\u00e9micos y la duraci\u00f3n de\u00a0las viremias.<\/li>\n<li>Las vacunas pueden reducir la excreci\u00f3n del virus en fluidos orales.<\/li>\n<li>La tasa de reproducci\u00f3n (R), valor para calcular la transmisi\u00f3n, es significativamente\u00a0menor en los lechones vacunados (ver punto 5. \u00bfC\u00f3mo cuantificar la transmisi\u00f3n\u00a0del virus del PRRS? en el cap\u00edtulo \u201cEpidemiolog\u00eda\u201d).<\/li>\n<li>Las vacunas pueden minimizar la transmisi\u00f3n del virus.<\/li>\n<li>La vacunaci\u00f3n de los lechones puede ser \u00fatil para controlar la diseminaci\u00f3n del\u00a0virus dentro de la poblaci\u00f3n.<\/li>\n<li>En el reba\u00f1o reproductor, los par\u00e1metros productivos se recuperan antes usando\u00a0vacunas que mediante la inoculaci\u00f3n del virus vivo.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Para poder asegurar el <strong>mejor rendimiento, a parte de la vacunaci\u00f3n<\/strong>, debe contemplarse\u00a0que:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>La combinaci\u00f3n de acciones y medidas de <strong>manejo y bioseguridad<\/strong> es esencial.<\/li>\n<li>Se requiere <strong>tiempo<\/strong> para alcanzar un nivel m\u00ednimo de inmunidad.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\u00bbsquare-content\u00bb]<strong>Algunos consejos para aumentar la eficacia de la vacunaci\u00f3n:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Mejorar el manejo y la bioseguridad<\/strong>: En general, las vacunas no son sustitutos del\u00a0buen manejo y las medidas de bioseguridad. Este hecho cobra especial relevancia\u00a0en el caso del virus del PRRS.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Seguir las indicaciones de uso<\/strong>: Almacenamiento, dosis, manejo.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Las vacunas solo deben mezclarse con otras vacunas\/medicamentos\/productos cuando est\u00e9 autorizado<\/strong>: Solo las mezclas registradas han\u00a0demostrado que la eficacia del producto final es, como m\u00ednimo, similar a las\u00a0vacunas por separado. Adem\u00e1s, durante el proceso de registro en las agencias de\u00a0medicamentos, se debe probar la estabilidad de los componentes de las mezclas\u00a0autorizadas (la duraci\u00f3n de la estabilidad se indica en la ficha t\u00e9cnica).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\u00bbaviso\u00bb]<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a9 Laboratorios Hipra, S.A. 2026. Reservados todos los derechos.<br \/>\nNinguna parte de este sitio web o cualquiera de sus contenidos puede ser reproducida, copiada, modificada o adaptada, sin el consentimiento previo por escrito de HIPRA.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row top_padding=\u00bb30&#8243; row_id=\u00bbreferencias\u00bb][vc_column width=\u00bb1\/1&#8243;]<div class=\"toggle\"><div class=\"toggle-title \"><i class='fa fal fa-book'><\/i>Referencias<\/div><div class=\"toggle-inner\"><p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bautista EM, Molitor TW. Cell-mediated immunity to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in swine. Viral Immunol. 1997, 10: 83-94.<\/li>\n<li>Bautista EM, Molitor TW. IFN gamma inhibits porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication in macrophages. Arch Virol. 1999, 144:1191-200.<\/li>\n<li>Butler JE, Lager KM, Golde W, Faaberg KS, Sinkora M, Loving C, Zhang YI. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS): an immune dysregulatory pandemic. Immunol Res. 2014, 59:81-108.<\/li>\n<li>Darwich L, D\u00edaz I, Mateu E. Certainties, doubts and hypotheses in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus immunobiology. Virus Res. 2010, 154:123-32.<\/li>\n<li>D\u00edaz I, Darwich L, Pappaterra G, Pujols J, Mateu E. Different European-type vaccines against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus have different immunological properties and confer different protection to pigs. Virology. 2006, 351:249-59.<\/li>\n<li>D\u00edaz I, Gimeno M, Darwich L, Navarro N, Kuzemtseva L, L\u00f3pez S, Galindo I, Segal\u00e9s J, Mart\u00edn M, Pujols J, Mateu E. Characterization of homologous and heterologous adaptive immune responses in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection. Vet Res. 2012, 19:43:30.<\/li>\n<li>Dwivedi V, Manickam C, Binjawadagi B, Linhares D, Murtaugh MP, Renukaradhya GJ. Evaluation of immune responses to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in pigs during early stage of infection under farm conditions. Virol J. 2012, 9:45.<\/li>\n<li>Kimman TG, Cornelissen LA, Moormann RJ, Rebel JM, Stockhofe-Zurwieden N. Challenges for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccinology. Vaccine. 2009, 27:3704-18.<\/li>\n<li>Labarque GG, Nauwynck HJ, Van Reeth K, Pensaert MB. Effect of cellular changes and onset of humoral immunity on the replication of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in the lungs of pigs. J Gen Virol. 2000, 81:1327-34.<\/li>\n<li>Lopez OJ, Osorio FA. Role of neutralizing antibodies in PRRSV protective immunity. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2004, 102:155-63.<\/li>\n<li>Lowe JE, Husmann R, Firkins LD, Zuckermann FA, Goldberg TL. Correlation of cell-mediated immunity against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus with protection against reproductive failure in sows during outbreaks of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome in commercial herds. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2005, 226:1707-11.<\/li>\n<li>Lunney JK, Benfield DA, Rowland RR. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus: an update on an emerging and re-emerging viral disease of swine. Virus Res. 2010, 154:1-6.<\/li>\n<li>Lunney JK, Fang Y, Ladinig A, Chen N, Li Y, Rowland B, Renukaradhya GJ. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV): Pathogenesis and Interaction with the Immune System. Annu Rev Anim Biosci. 2016, 4:129-54<\/li>\n<li>Martelli P, Gozio S, Ferrari L, Rosina S, De Angelis E, Quintavalla C, Bottarelli E, Borghetti P. Efficacy of a modified live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine in pigs naturally exposed to a heterologous European (Italian cluster) field strain: Clinical protection and cell-mediated immunity. Vaccine. 2009, 27:3788-99.<\/li>\n<li>Mart\u00ednez-Lobo FJ, D\u00edez-Fuertes F, Simarro I, Castro JM, Prieto C. Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus isolates differ in their susceptibility to neutralization. Vaccine. 2011, 29:6928-40.<\/li>\n<li>Mateu E, Diaz I. The challenge of PRRS immunology. Vet J. 2008, 177:345-51.<\/li>\n<li>Meier WA, Galeota J, Osorio FA, Husmann RJ, Schnitzlein WM, Zuckermann FA. Gradual development of the interferon-gamma response of swine to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection or vaccination. Virology. 2003, 309:18-31.<\/li>\n<li>Mengeling WL, Lager KM, Vorwald AC, Koehler KJ. Strain specificity of the immune response of pigs following vaccination with various strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Vet Microbiol. 2003, 93:13-24.<\/li>\n<li>Miranda J, Torrents D, Busquet M, Fenech M, Mateu E, D\u00edaz I. Heterologous cell-mediated immune responses against PRRS virus in gilts vaccinated intramuscularly and intradermally with UNISTRAIN\u00ae PRRS. 2015, 7th International Symposium on Emerging and Re-emerging Pig Diseases.<\/li>\n<li>Murtaugh MP, Xiao Z, Zuckermann F. Immunological responses of swine to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection. Viral Immunol. 2002, 15:533-47.<\/li>\n<li>Murtaugh MP, Genzow M. Immunological solutions for treatment and prevention of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS). Vaccine. 2011, 29:8192-204.<\/li>\n<li>Murtaugh MP, Stadejek T, Abrahante JE, Lam TT, Leung FC. The ever-expanding diversity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Virus Res. 2010, 154:18-30.<\/li>\n<li>Rose N, Renson P, Andraud M, Paboeuf F, Le Potier MF, Bourry O. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv) modified-live vaccine reduces virus transmission in experimental conditions. Vaccine. 2015, 33:2493-9.<\/li>\n<li>Pileri E, Gibert E, Soldevila F, Garc\u00eda-Saenz A, Pujols J, Diaz I, Darwich L, Casal J, Mart\u00edn M, Mateu E. Vaccination with a genotype 1 modified live vaccine against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus significantly reduces viremia, viral shedding and transmission of the virus in a quasi-natural experimental model. Vet Microbiol. 2015, 175:7-16.<\/li>\n<li>Prieto C, Alvarez E, Mart\u00ednez-Lobo FJ, Simarro I, Castro JM. Similarity of European porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strains to vaccine strain is not necessarily predictive of the degree of protective immunity conferred. Vet J. 2008, 175:356-63.<\/li>\n<li>Roca M, Gimeno M, Bruguera S, Segal\u00e9s J, D\u00edaz I, Galindo-Cardiel IJ, Mart\u00ednez E, Darwich L, Fang Y, Maldonado J, March R, Mateu E. Effects of challenge with a virulent genotype II strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus on piglets vaccinated with an attenuated genotype I strain vaccine. Vet J. 2012, 193:92-6.<\/li>\n<li>Royaee AR, Husmann RJ, Dawson HD, Calzada-Nova G, Schnitzlein WM, Zuckermann FA, Lunney JK. Deciphering the involvement of innate immune factors in the development of the host response to PRRSV vaccination. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2004, 102:199-216.<\/li>\n<li>Scortti M, Prieto C, Mart\u00ednez-Lobo FJ, Simarro I, Castro JM. Effects of two commercial European modified-live vaccines against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses in pregnant gilts. Vet J. 2006, 172:506-14.<\/li>\n<li>Weesendorp E, Morgan S, Stockhofe-Zurwieden N, Popma-De Graaf DJ, Graham SP, Rebel JM. Comparative analysis of immune responses following experimental infection of pigs with European porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strains of differing virulence. Vet Microbiol. 2013, 163:1-12.<\/li>\n<li>Yoon KJ, Wu LL, Zimmerman JJ, Platt KB. Field isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vary in their susceptibility to antibody dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection. Vet Microbiol. 1997, 55:277-87.<\/li>\n<li>Zimmerman JJ, Benfield DA, Dee SA, Murtaugh MP, Stadejek T, Stevenson GW, Torremorell M. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (porcine arterivirus). In: 10th ed. Diseases of swine, Ed. Wiley-Blackwell. 2012, 31:463-86.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align:center\" class=\"yasr-auto-insert-visitor\"><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column width=\u00bb1\/1&#8243;][vc_column_text]Aunque existen muchas vacunas disponibles de PRRS, sabemos que ninguna otorga una\u00a0protecci\u00f3n completa ni universal frente a la infecci\u00f3n. Como ya se ha comentado, existen\u00a0dos razones principales: La elevada diversidad gen\u00e9tica del virus. El virus modula las respuestas inmunitarias. [\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\u00bbintro\u00bb]Entonces\u2026 debemos plantearnos la siguiente pregunta: \u00bfSon las vacunas de PRRS \u00fatiles?\u00a0La respuesta es clara y contundente: CATEG\u00d3RICAMENTE, S\u00cd.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\u00bbdestacado\u00bb] Aunque la vacunaci\u00f3n no otorga necesariamente protecci\u00f3n\u00a0completa contra la infecci\u00f3n, puede reducir el impacto de la\u00a0enfermedad. [\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]La protecci\u00f3n que aportan las vacunas ha sido evaluada tanto a nivel individual como\u00a0poblacional. Las vacunas han demostrado ser \u00fatiles para proteger de forma parcial (desaf\u00edo heter\u00f3logo) o total (desaf\u00edo hom\u00f3logo) frente a la infecci\u00f3n transplacentaria. Dada la elevada diversidad gen\u00e9tica del virus, en el campo todas las infecciones deben\u00a0considerarse como heter\u00f3logas. De todos modos, en estos casos las vacunas pueden\u00a0aportar niveles significativos de protecci\u00f3n en t\u00e9rminos cl\u00ednicos (mejorando los par\u00e1metros\u00a0reproductivos y la viabilidad de los lechones). La protecci\u00f3n parcial o total virol\u00f3gica y\/o\u00a0cl\u00ednica tambi\u00e9n se ha demostrado en lechones.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\u00bbdestacado\u00bb] Las vacunas tienen efectos beneficiosos en t\u00e9rminos de protecci\u00f3n cl\u00ednica. Las vacunas pueden reducir la proporci\u00f3n de cerdos vir\u00e9micos y la duraci\u00f3n de\u00a0las viremias. Las vacunas pueden reducir la excreci\u00f3n del virus [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":17056,"parent":20697,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_cbd_carousel_blocks":"[]","yasr_overall_rating":0,"yasr_post_is_review":"","yasr_auto_insert_disabled":"","yasr_review_type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20679","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yasr_visitor_votes":{"number_of_votes":0,"sum_votes":0,"stars_attributes":{"read_only":false,"span_bottom":false}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20679","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/19"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20679"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20679\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20680,"href":"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20679\/revisions\/20680"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20697"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17056"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20679"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20679"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20679"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}