{"id":20690,"date":"2021-03-23T09:05:44","date_gmt":"2021-03-23T09:05:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/prrscontrolidiomas.advertis.es\/6-vias-de-administracion-intramuscular-e-intradermica\/"},"modified":"2021-03-26T10:28:21","modified_gmt":"2021-03-26T10:28:21","slug":"vias-de-administracion-intramuscular-e-intradermica","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/es\/vacunacion-prrs\/vias-de-administracion-intramuscular-e-intradermica\/","title":{"rendered":"<span>6<\/span> V\u00edas de administraci\u00f3n: Intramuscular e intrad\u00e9rmica"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row][vc_column width=\u00bb1\/1&#8243;][vc_column_text el_class=\u00bbintro\u00bb]Actualmente, todas las vacunas comerciales est\u00e1n indicadas para la administraci\u00f3n\u00a0intramuscular. Sin embargo, algunas de ellas tambi\u00e9n lo est\u00e1n para inyectarse por v\u00eda\u00a0intrad\u00e9rmica.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]En comparaci\u00f3n con la administraci\u00f3n intramuscular convencional, la inyecci\u00f3n\u00a0intrad\u00e9rmica se realiza generalmente <strong>utilizando inyectores sin agujas<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>La administraci\u00f3n sin agujas en la dermis ofrece importantes ventajas a nivel pr\u00e1ctico e\u00a0inmunol\u00f3gico con respecto a la administraci\u00f3n intramuscular convencional mediante\u00a0m\u00e9todos basados en agujas y jeringas:<\/p>\n<p>Ventajas:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Menos invasivo ; Reduce el dolor y el estr\u00e9s en los cerdos.<\/li>\n<li>Menor riesgo de transmisi\u00f3n iatrog\u00e9nica.<\/li>\n<li>Reduce la fatiga de los manipuladores.<\/li>\n<li>Aumenta la uniformidad de las dosis administradas.<\/li>\n<li>La dermis es un tejido rico en c\u00e9lulas inmunitarias ; respuestas inmunitarias comparables o incluso superiores.<\/li>\n<li>Absorci\u00f3n local lenta y gradual ; m\u00e1s tiempo para capturar el ant\u00edgeno.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Y algunas desventajas:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>S\u00f3lo se permiten peque\u00f1as cantidades.<\/li>\n<li>Se necesita un inyector especial.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text]<div class=\"single_image wpb_content_element align-left  animate image_box_rounded image_zoom \" data-animation=\"fade-in\" data-delay=\"300\"><a href=\"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Vias-de-administracion.jpg\" class=\"prettyPhoto\" rel=\"prettyPhoto[image]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1400\" height=\"1198\" src=\"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Vias-de-administracion.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full\" alt=\"\" title=\"Vias-de-administracion\" srcset=\"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Vias-de-administracion.jpg 1400w, https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Vias-de-administracion-300x257.jpg 300w, https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Vias-de-administracion-768x657.jpg 768w, https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Vias-de-administracion-1024x876.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Vias-de-administracion-750x642.jpg 750w, https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Vias-de-administracion-1140x976.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1400px) 100vw, 1400px\" \/><\/a><\/div>[vc_column_text][\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Como se puede observar en el gr\u00e1fico, <strong>la piel contiene una alta concentraci\u00f3n de c\u00e9lulas\u00a0inmunitarias<\/strong>, entre ellas c\u00e9lulas dendr\u00edticas (residentes o reclutadas en el torrente\u00a0sangu\u00edneo) y linfocitos T y B.<\/p>\n<p>Por lo tanto, esta ubicaci\u00f3n es particularmente rica en c\u00e9lulas\u00a0presentadoras de ant\u00edgeno, siendo un lugar ideal para la inyecci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p>Te\u00f3ricamente, la\u00a0administraci\u00f3n de vacunas en la dermis puede dar como resultado respuestas inmunitarias\u00a0superiores a las obtenidas tras la administraci\u00f3n intramuscular, ya que el ant\u00edgeno tiene\u00a0dos v\u00edas sin\u00e9rgicas para activar los linfocitos Th:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Transporte activo: estimulaci\u00f3n de c\u00e9lulas dendr\u00edticas residentes en la dermis\u00a0y migraci\u00f3n a los linfonodos.<\/li>\n<li>Transporte pasivo: activaci\u00f3n de c\u00e9lulas dendr\u00edticas residentes en los linfonodos\u00a0por la llegada pasiva del ant\u00edgeno.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Algunos estudios han sido dise\u00f1ados espec\u00edficamente para poder comparar las respuestas\u00a0inmunitarias entre estas dos v\u00edas de administraci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p>Los anticuerpos totales medidos por\u00a0ELISA aparecen de forma similar; sin embargo, la administraci\u00f3n intrad\u00e9rmica puede\u00a0conferir niveles m\u00e1s altos de respuesta inmunitaria mediada por c\u00e9lulas.[\/vc_column_text]<div class=\"single_image wpb_content_element align-left  animate image_box_rounded image_zoom \" data-animation=\"fade-in\" data-delay=\"300\"><a href=\"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Comparacion-entre-la-administracion-intramuscular-e-intradermica.jpg\" class=\"prettyPhoto\" rel=\"prettyPhoto[image]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1400\" height=\"1270\" src=\"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Comparacion-entre-la-administracion-intramuscular-e-intradermica.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full\" alt=\"\" title=\"Comparacion-entre-la-administracion-intramuscular-e-intradermica\" srcset=\"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Comparacion-entre-la-administracion-intramuscular-e-intradermica.jpg 1400w, https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Comparacion-entre-la-administracion-intramuscular-e-intradermica-300x272.jpg 300w, https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Comparacion-entre-la-administracion-intramuscular-e-intradermica-768x697.jpg 768w, https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Comparacion-entre-la-administracion-intramuscular-e-intradermica-1024x929.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Comparacion-entre-la-administracion-intramuscular-e-intradermica-750x680.jpg 750w, https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Comparacion-entre-la-administracion-intramuscular-e-intradermica-1140x1034.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1400px) 100vw, 1400px\" \/><\/a><\/div>[vc_column_text][\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Es importante tener en cuenta que los resultados no deben extrapolarse a otras vacunas.<\/p>\n<p>Los estudios in vitro han demostrado que diferentes cepas tienen efectos variables sobre\u00a0la expresi\u00f3n de mol\u00e9culas de superficie inmunol\u00f3gicamente relevantes y la producci\u00f3n\u00a0de citoquinas en c\u00e9lulas dendr\u00edticas.<\/p>\n<p>Como la dermis es rica en c\u00e9lulas dendr\u00edticas, las\u00a0respuestas inmunitarias y la eficacia despu\u00e9s de la administraci\u00f3n intrad\u00e9rmica deben ser\u00a0evaluadas para cada cepa vacunal.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\u00bbaviso\u00bb]<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a9 Laboratorios Hipra, S.A. 2026. Reservados todos los derechos.<br \/>\nNinguna parte de este sitio web o cualquiera de sus contenidos puede ser reproducida, copiada, modificada o adaptada, sin el consentimiento previo por escrito de HIPRA.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row top_padding=\u00bb30&#8243; row_id=\u00bbreferencias\u00bb][vc_column width=\u00bb1\/1&#8243;]<div class=\"toggle\"><div class=\"toggle-title \"><i class='fa fal fa-book'><\/i>Referencias<\/div><div class=\"toggle-inner\"><p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bautista EM, Molitor TW. Cell-mediated immunity to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in swine. Viral Immunol. 1997, 10: 83-94.<\/li>\n<li>Bautista EM, Molitor TW. IFN gamma inhibits porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication in macrophages. Arch Virol. 1999, 144:1191-200.<\/li>\n<li>Butler JE, Lager KM, Golde W, Faaberg KS, Sinkora M, Loving C, Zhang YI. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS): an immune dysregulatory pandemic. Immunol Res. 2014, 59:81-108.<\/li>\n<li>Darwich L, D\u00edaz I, Mateu E. Certainties, doubts and hypotheses in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus immunobiology. Virus Res. 2010, 154:123-32.<\/li>\n<li>D\u00edaz I, Darwich L, Pappaterra G, Pujols J, Mateu E. Different European-type vaccines against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus have different immunological properties and confer different protection to pigs. Virology. 2006, 351:249-59.<\/li>\n<li>D\u00edaz I, Gimeno M, Darwich L, Navarro N, Kuzemtseva L, L\u00f3pez S, Galindo I, Segal\u00e9s J, Mart\u00edn M, Pujols J, Mateu E. Characterization of homologous and heterologous adaptive immune responses in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection. Vet Res. 2012, 19:43:30.<\/li>\n<li>Dwivedi V, Manickam C, Binjawadagi B, Linhares D, Murtaugh MP, Renukaradhya GJ. Evaluation of immune responses to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in pigs during early stage of infection under farm conditions. Virol J. 2012, 9:45.<\/li>\n<li>Kimman TG, Cornelissen LA, Moormann RJ, Rebel JM, Stockhofe-Zurwieden N. Challenges for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccinology. Vaccine. 2009, 27:3704-18.<\/li>\n<li>Labarque GG, Nauwynck HJ, Van Reeth K, Pensaert MB. Effect of cellular changes and onset of humoral immunity on the replication of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in the lungs of pigs. J Gen Virol. 2000, 81:1327-34.<\/li>\n<li>Lopez OJ, Osorio FA. Role of neutralizing antibodies in PRRSV protective immunity. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2004, 102:155-63.<\/li>\n<li>Lowe JE, Husmann R, Firkins LD, Zuckermann FA, Goldberg TL. Correlation of cell-mediated immunity against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus with protection against reproductive failure in sows during outbreaks of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome in commercial herds. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2005, 226:1707-11.<\/li>\n<li>Lunney JK, Benfield DA, Rowland RR. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus: an update on an emerging and re-emerging viral disease of swine. Virus Res. 2010, 154:1-6.<\/li>\n<li>Lunney JK, Fang Y, Ladinig A, Chen N, Li Y, Rowland B, Renukaradhya GJ. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV): Pathogenesis and Interaction with the Immune System. Annu Rev Anim Biosci. 2016, 4:129-54<\/li>\n<li>Martelli P, Gozio S, Ferrari L, Rosina S, De Angelis E, Quintavalla C, Bottarelli E, Borghetti P. Efficacy of a modified live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine in pigs naturally exposed to a heterologous European (Italian cluster) field strain: Clinical protection and cell-mediated immunity. Vaccine. 2009, 27:3788-99.<\/li>\n<li>Mart\u00ednez-Lobo FJ, D\u00edez-Fuertes F, Simarro I, Castro JM, Prieto C. Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus isolates differ in their susceptibility to neutralization. Vaccine. 2011, 29:6928-40.<\/li>\n<li>Mateu E, Diaz I. The challenge of PRRS immunology. Vet J. 2008, 177:345-51.<\/li>\n<li>Meier WA, Galeota J, Osorio FA, Husmann RJ, Schnitzlein WM, Zuckermann FA. Gradual development of the interferon-gamma response of swine to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection or vaccination. Virology. 2003, 309:18-31.<\/li>\n<li>Mengeling WL, Lager KM, Vorwald AC, Koehler KJ. Strain specificity of the immune response of pigs following vaccination with various strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Vet Microbiol. 2003, 93:13-24.<\/li>\n<li>Miranda J, Torrents D, Busquet M, Fenech M, Mateu E, D\u00edaz I. Heterologous cell-mediated immune responses against PRRS virus in gilts vaccinated intramuscularly and intradermally with UNISTRAIN\u00ae PRRS. 2015, 7th International Symposium on Emerging and Re-emerging Pig Diseases.<\/li>\n<li>Murtaugh MP, Xiao Z, Zuckermann F. Immunological responses of swine to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection. Viral Immunol. 2002, 15:533-47.<\/li>\n<li>Murtaugh MP, Genzow M. Immunological solutions for treatment and prevention of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS). Vaccine. 2011, 29:8192-204.<\/li>\n<li>Murtaugh MP, Stadejek T, Abrahante JE, Lam TT, Leung FC. The ever-expanding diversity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Virus Res. 2010, 154:18-30.<\/li>\n<li>Rose N, Renson P, Andraud M, Paboeuf F, Le Potier MF, Bourry O. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv) modified-live vaccine reduces virus transmission in experimental conditions. Vaccine. 2015, 33:2493-9.<\/li>\n<li>Pileri E, Gibert E, Soldevila F, Garc\u00eda-Saenz A, Pujols J, Diaz I, Darwich L, Casal J, Mart\u00edn M, Mateu E. Vaccination with a genotype 1 modified live vaccine against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus significantly reduces viremia, viral shedding and transmission of the virus in a quasi-natural experimental model. Vet Microbiol. 2015, 175:7-16.<\/li>\n<li>Prieto C, Alvarez E, Mart\u00ednez-Lobo FJ, Simarro I, Castro JM. Similarity of European porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strains to vaccine strain is not necessarily predictive of the degree of protective immunity conferred. Vet J. 2008, 175:356-63.<\/li>\n<li>Roca M, Gimeno M, Bruguera S, Segal\u00e9s J, D\u00edaz I, Galindo-Cardiel IJ, Mart\u00ednez E, Darwich L, Fang Y, Maldonado J, March R, Mateu E. Effects of challenge with a virulent genotype II strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus on piglets vaccinated with an attenuated genotype I strain vaccine. Vet J. 2012, 193:92-6.<\/li>\n<li>Royaee AR, Husmann RJ, Dawson HD, Calzada-Nova G, Schnitzlein WM, Zuckermann FA, Lunney JK. Deciphering the involvement of innate immune factors in the development of the host response to PRRSV vaccination. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2004, 102:199-216.<\/li>\n<li>Scortti M, Prieto C, Mart\u00ednez-Lobo FJ, Simarro I, Castro JM. Effects of two commercial European modified-live vaccines against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses in pregnant gilts. Vet J. 2006, 172:506-14.<\/li>\n<li>Weesendorp E, Morgan S, Stockhofe-Zurwieden N, Popma-De Graaf DJ, Graham SP, Rebel JM. Comparative analysis of immune responses following experimental infection of pigs with European porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strains of differing virulence. Vet Microbiol. 2013, 163:1-12.<\/li>\n<li>Yoon KJ, Wu LL, Zimmerman JJ, Platt KB. Field isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vary in their susceptibility to antibody dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection. Vet Microbiol. 1997, 55:277-87.<\/li>\n<li>Zimmerman JJ, Benfield DA, Dee SA, Murtaugh MP, Stadejek T, Stevenson GW, Torremorell M. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (porcine arterivirus). In: 10th ed. Diseases of swine, Ed. Wiley-Blackwell. 2012, 31:463-86.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align:center\" class=\"yasr-auto-insert-visitor\"><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column width=\u00bb1\/1&#8243;][vc_column_text el_class=\u00bbintro\u00bb]Actualmente, todas las vacunas comerciales est\u00e1n indicadas para la administraci\u00f3n\u00a0intramuscular. Sin embargo, algunas de ellas tambi\u00e9n lo est\u00e1n para inyectarse por v\u00eda\u00a0intrad\u00e9rmica.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]En comparaci\u00f3n con la administraci\u00f3n intramuscular convencional, la inyecci\u00f3n\u00a0intrad\u00e9rmica se realiza generalmente utilizando inyectores sin agujas. La administraci\u00f3n sin agujas en la dermis ofrece importantes ventajas a nivel pr\u00e1ctico e\u00a0inmunol\u00f3gico con respecto a la administraci\u00f3n intramuscular convencional mediante\u00a0m\u00e9todos basados en agujas y jeringas: Ventajas: Menos invasivo ; Reduce el dolor y el estr\u00e9s en los cerdos. Menor riesgo de transmisi\u00f3n iatrog\u00e9nica. Reduce la fatiga de los manipuladores. Aumenta la uniformidad de las dosis administradas. La dermis es un tejido rico en c\u00e9lulas inmunitarias ; respuestas inmunitarias comparables o incluso superiores. Absorci\u00f3n local lenta y gradual ; m\u00e1s tiempo para capturar el ant\u00edgeno. Y algunas desventajas: S\u00f3lo se permiten peque\u00f1as cantidades. Se necesita un inyector especial. [\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text][\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Como se puede observar en el gr\u00e1fico, la piel contiene una alta concentraci\u00f3n de c\u00e9lulas\u00a0inmunitarias, entre ellas c\u00e9lulas dendr\u00edticas (residentes o reclutadas en el torrente\u00a0sangu\u00edneo) y linfocitos T y B. Por lo tanto, esta ubicaci\u00f3n es particularmente rica en c\u00e9lulas\u00a0presentadoras de ant\u00edgeno, siendo un lugar ideal para la inyecci\u00f3n. Te\u00f3ricamente, la\u00a0administraci\u00f3n de vacunas en la dermis puede dar como resultado respuestas inmunitarias\u00a0superiores [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":17056,"parent":20697,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_cbd_carousel_blocks":"[]","yasr_overall_rating":0,"yasr_post_is_review":"","yasr_auto_insert_disabled":"","yasr_review_type":"Product","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20690","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yasr_visitor_votes":{"number_of_votes":0,"sum_votes":0,"stars_attributes":{"read_only":false,"span_bottom":false}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20690","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/19"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20690"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20690\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20878,"href":"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20690\/revisions\/20878"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20697"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17056"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20690"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20690"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20690"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}