{"id":20707,"date":"2021-03-23T13:10:25","date_gmt":"2021-03-23T13:10:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/prrscontrolidiomas.advertis.es\/2-transmision-dentro-de-la-granja\/"},"modified":"2021-03-26T11:04:40","modified_gmt":"2021-03-26T11:04:40","slug":"transmision-dentro-de-la-granja","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/es\/epidemiologia\/transmision-dentro-de-la-granja\/","title":{"rendered":"<span>2<\/span> Transmisi\u00f3n dentro de la granja"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row][vc_column width=\u00bb1\/1&#8243;][vc_column_text][\/vc_column_text]<div class=\"single_image wpb_content_element align-left  animate image_box_rounded image_zoom \" data-animation=\"fade-in\" data-delay=\"300\"><a href=\"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Transmision-dentro-de-la-granja.jpg\" class=\"prettyPhoto\" rel=\"prettyPhoto[image]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1400\" height=\"1062\" src=\"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Transmision-dentro-de-la-granja.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full\" alt=\"\" title=\"Transmision-dentro-de-la-granja\" srcset=\"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Transmision-dentro-de-la-granja.jpg 1400w, https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Transmision-dentro-de-la-granja-300x228.jpg 300w, https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Transmision-dentro-de-la-granja-768x583.jpg 768w, https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Transmision-dentro-de-la-granja-1024x777.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Transmision-dentro-de-la-granja-750x569.jpg 750w, https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Transmision-dentro-de-la-granja-1140x865.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1400px) 100vw, 1400px\" \/><\/a><\/div>[vc_column_text][\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2>1. Transmisi\u00f3n directa:<\/h2>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h3>a) Transmisi\u00f3n horizontal<\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\">a.1) V\u00edas de excreci\u00f3n:<\/h4>\n<p>Los cerdos infectados pueden excretar el virus por m\u00faltiples v\u00edas y durante un largo\u00a0periodo de tiempo; principalmente por la saliva y el semen; de forma menos frecuente por\u00a0la leche y el calostro, y raramente y de forma espor\u00e1dica por las secreciones nasales, orina\u00a0y heces.<\/p>\n<p>La cantidad de virus excretado, junto a la duraci\u00f3n de la excreci\u00f3n, var\u00eda de forma\u00a0significativa entre cepas.[\/vc_column_text]<div class=\"single_image wpb_content_element align-left  animate image_box_rounded image_zoom \" data-animation=\"fade-in\" data-delay=\"300\"><a href=\"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Vias-de-excrecion.jpg\" class=\"prettyPhoto\" rel=\"prettyPhoto[image]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1400\" height=\"1198\" src=\"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Vias-de-excrecion.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full\" alt=\"\" title=\"Vias-de-excrecion\" srcset=\"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Vias-de-excrecion.jpg 1400w, https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Vias-de-excrecion-300x257.jpg 300w, https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Vias-de-excrecion-768x657.jpg 768w, https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Vias-de-excrecion-1024x876.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Vias-de-excrecion-750x642.jpg 750w, https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Vias-de-excrecion-1140x976.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1400px) 100vw, 1400px\" \/><\/a><\/div>[vc_column_text][\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\">a.2) V\u00edas de entrada:<\/h4>\n<p>Los cerdos pueden infectarse por varias v\u00edas, incluyendo la oral, la intranasal, la parenteral\u00a0y la sexual (intrauterina y vaginal).<\/p>\n<p>La probabilidad de infectarse depende en gran medida\u00a0de la v\u00eda y de la dosis.\u00a0Adem\u00e1s, se han observado diferencias entre cepas para todas las\u00a0v\u00edas de transmisi\u00f3n.[\/vc_column_text]<div class=\"single_image wpb_content_element align-left  animate image_box_rounded image_zoom \" data-animation=\"fade-in\" data-delay=\"300\"><a href=\"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Vias-de-entrada-e-infeccion-persistente.jpg\" class=\"prettyPhoto\" rel=\"prettyPhoto[image]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1400\" height=\"966\" src=\"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Vias-de-entrada-e-infeccion-persistente.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full\" alt=\"\" title=\"Vias-de-entrada-e-infeccion-persistente\" srcset=\"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Vias-de-entrada-e-infeccion-persistente.jpg 1400w, https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Vias-de-entrada-e-infeccion-persistente-300x207.jpg 300w, https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Vias-de-entrada-e-infeccion-persistente-768x530.jpg 768w, https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Vias-de-entrada-e-infeccion-persistente-1024x707.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Vias-de-entrada-e-infeccion-persistente-750x518.jpg 750w, https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Vias-de-entrada-e-infeccion-persistente-1140x787.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1400px) 100vw, 1400px\" \/><\/a><\/div>[vc_column_text][\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\">a.3) Infecci\u00f3n cr\u00f3nica\/persistente (animales portadores):<\/h4>\n<p>El virus puede detectarse en la sangre durante largos periodos de tiempo.<\/p>\n<p>La duraci\u00f3n de\u00a0la viremia est\u00e1 marcadamente influenciada por la cepa y la edad del animal. As\u00ed, puede\u00a0durar semanas en lechones (hasta 90 d\u00edas), mientras que en adultos puede desaparecer en\u00a0tan s\u00f3lo unos d\u00edas.<\/p>\n<p>Tras la viremia, el virus puede persistir durante semanas en el animal,\u00a0principalmente en tonsilas y otros tejidos linfoides.<\/p>\n<p>Aunque la mayor\u00eda de cerdos eliminan\u00a0el virus en 90-120 d\u00edas, <strong>algunos quedan persistentemente infectados durante meses<\/strong> (el\u00a0virus puede aislarse de tonsilas hasta 150 d\u00edas despu\u00e9s). La infecci\u00f3n persistente ocurre en\u00a0todas las edades, pero los valores m\u00e1ximos se han observado en fetos infectados in utero.<\/p>\n<p>Se ha sugerido que la persistencia del virus implica una continua replicaci\u00f3n, por lo que no\u00a0puede considerarse como un estado real de infecci\u00f3n persistente.<\/p>\n<p>Obviamente, la viremia prolongada y la infecci\u00f3n persistente incrementan la posibilidad\u00a0de transmisi\u00f3n. Tal y como ocurre con otros miembros de la familia Arteriviridae, los cerdos\u00a0que ya no son vir\u00e9micos y\/o han superado la fase aguda pueden seguir excretando el virus\u00a0del PRRS a bajos niveles y\/o de forma intermitente. Por tanto, un resultado negativo en\u00a0la detecci\u00f3n del virus en sangre en animales previamente infectados, no nos permite\u00a0descartar totalmente que el animal pueda excretar el virus.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\u00bbintro\u00bb]<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>Por tanto, un resultado negativo de viremia o anticuerpos s\u00e9ricos en un cerdo previamente infectado no descarta que el animal pueda estar excretando el virus.<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text]<div class=\"single_image wpb_content_element align-left  animate image_box_rounded image_zoom \" data-animation=\"fade-in\" data-delay=\"300\"><a href=\"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Transmision.jpg\" class=\"prettyPhoto\" rel=\"prettyPhoto[image]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1400\" height=\"1050\" src=\"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Transmision.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full\" alt=\"\" title=\"Transmision\" srcset=\"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Transmision.jpg 1400w, https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Transmision-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Transmision-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Transmision-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Transmision-750x563.jpg 750w, https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Transmision-1140x855.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1400px) 100vw, 1400px\" \/><\/a><\/div>[vc_column_text][\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4>a.4) Importancia del semen en la transmisi\u00f3n del virus del PRRS:<\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\u00bbdestacado\u00bb]El semen puede desempe\u00f1ar un papel crucial en la transmisi\u00f3n de este virus. Esto es as\u00ed\u00a0debido al uso generalizado de la inseminaci\u00f3n artificial y a las caracter\u00edsticas espec\u00edficas\u00a0del virus excretado por esta v\u00eda.<\/p>\n<p>A modo de ejemplo, la cantidad de virus necesaria para\u00a0infectar por v\u00eda sexual a una cerda susceptible suele ser muy inferior a la cantidad de virus\u00a0presente en el semen de un verraco infectado.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\u00bbdestacado\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A pesar de que la viremia en verracos suele ser muy corta, de unos pocos d\u00edas a m\u00e1ximo\u00a0dos-tres semanas, <strong>estos pueden excretar el virus en semen durante semanas<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">El virus se\u00a0ha podido aislar de la gl\u00e1ndula bulbouretral de los verracos hasta tres meses posinfecci\u00f3n. Este hecho sugiere que el tracto reproductivo pod\u00eda tener un papel muy significativo en la\u00a0persistencia del virus.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Por tanto, la viremia no es un indicador adecuado de si o no existe\u00a0excreci\u00f3n del virus.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">De todas formas, parece que la transmisi\u00f3n a trav\u00e9s del semen ocurre\u00a0de forma m\u00e1s habitual en los primeros d\u00edas de la infecci\u00f3n, cuando los t\u00edtulos de virus\u00a0en semen son mayores.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Aqu\u00ed, cabe destacar que existe una <strong>elevada variabilidad entre\u00a0verracos<\/strong>, y que estos pueden <strong>excretar el virus de forma intermitente<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">En consecuencia, un\u00a0resultado aislado negativo de PCR a partir de suero o semen no nos permite descartar la\u00a0posibilidad de que el animal excrete el virus por esta v\u00eda; deber\u00eda analizarse m\u00e1s de una\u00a0muestra de un mismo verraco en diferentes periodos.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4>a.5) V\u00eda de entrada parenteral:<\/h4>\n<p>Los cerdos son extremadamente susceptibles a la infecci\u00f3n por v\u00eda parenteral. De hecho,\u00a0son necesarias muy pocas part\u00edculas del virus del PRRS para infectar a un cerdo por esta v\u00eda\u00a0(10-10<sup>2.2<\/sup> TCID<sub>50<\/sub>\/ml).<\/p>\n<p>Por lo tanto, cualquier evento, pr\u00e1ctica o material contaminado que\u00a0pueda afectar la integridad de la barrera cut\u00e1nea, puede facilitar la transmisi\u00f3n del virus,\u00a0como por ejemplo: corte de dientes, crotalado de orejas, cortes de colas, inoculaciones\u00a0con medicamentos (agujas) , etc.<\/p>\n<p>La infecci\u00f3n puede ocurrir a trav\u00e9s de la reutilizaci\u00f3n de una aguja que\u00a0previamente ha sido usada para vacunar a cerdos infectados. Adem\u00e1s, como el\u00a0virus est\u00e1 presente en los fluidos orales de manera constante, el comportamiento\u00a0social normal de los cerdos y las interacciones agresivas (mordeduras, ara\u00f1azos,\u00a0abrasiones&#8230;) tambi\u00e9n pueden provocar una infecci\u00f3n parenteral.[\/vc_column_text]<div class=\"single_image wpb_content_element align-left  animate image_box_rounded image_zoom \" data-animation=\"fade-in\" data-delay=\"300\"><a href=\"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/La-importancia-de-la-via-parenteral.jpg\" class=\"prettyPhoto\" rel=\"prettyPhoto[image]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1400\" height=\"990\" src=\"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/La-importancia-de-la-via-parenteral.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full\" alt=\"\" title=\"La-importancia-de-la-via-parenteral\" srcset=\"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/La-importancia-de-la-via-parenteral.jpg 1400w, https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/La-importancia-de-la-via-parenteral-300x212.jpg 300w, https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/La-importancia-de-la-via-parenteral-768x543.jpg 768w, https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/La-importancia-de-la-via-parenteral-1024x724.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/La-importancia-de-la-via-parenteral-120x86.jpg 120w, https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/La-importancia-de-la-via-parenteral-750x530.jpg 750w, https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/La-importancia-de-la-via-parenteral-1140x806.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1400px) 100vw, 1400px\" \/><\/a><\/div>[vc_column_text][\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h3>b) transmisi\u00f3n vertical:<\/h3>\n<p>Las cerdas pueden transmitir el virus a su descendencia por contacto directo (transmisi\u00f3n\u00a0horizontal) y\/o por v\u00eda transplacentaria (transmisi\u00f3n vertical).<\/p>\n<p>En relaci\u00f3n a la transmisi\u00f3n vertical, <strong>el virus puede atravesar la barrera placentaria de\u00a0manera eficiente en el \u00faltimo tercio de la gestaci\u00f3n<\/strong>. Como resultado, los fetos pueden morir. Alternativamente, los lechones que sobreviven generalmente nacen d\u00e9biles y permanecen\u00a0infectados.<\/p>\n<p>Como hemos indicado anteriormente, los lechones infectados durante la fase\u00a0fetal podr\u00edan permanecer positivos durante mucho tiempo e infectar a otros lechones hasta\u00a0tres meses despu\u00e9s del parto, contribuyendo a la propagaci\u00f3n de la infecci\u00f3n.[\/vc_column_text]<div class=\"single_image wpb_content_element align-left  animate image_box_rounded image_zoom \" data-animation=\"fade-in\" data-delay=\"300\"><a href=\"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Transmision-vertical-e-implicaciones.jpg\" class=\"prettyPhoto\" rel=\"prettyPhoto[image]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1400\" height=\"1034\" src=\"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Transmision-vertical-e-implicaciones.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full\" alt=\"\" title=\"Transmision-vertical-e-implicaciones\" srcset=\"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Transmision-vertical-e-implicaciones.jpg 1400w, https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Transmision-vertical-e-implicaciones-300x222.jpg 300w, https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Transmision-vertical-e-implicaciones-768x567.jpg 768w, https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Transmision-vertical-e-implicaciones-1024x756.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Transmision-vertical-e-implicaciones-750x554.jpg 750w, https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Transmision-vertical-e-implicaciones-1140x842.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1400px) 100vw, 1400px\" \/><\/a><\/div>[vc_column_text][\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2>2. Transmisi\u00f3n indirecta:<\/h2>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\u00bbintro\u00bb]Se han demostrado varias v\u00edas de transmisi\u00f3n indirecta por f\u00f3mites y residuos\u00a0contaminados, as\u00ed como la transmisi\u00f3n por aire (consultar el punto \u201cTransmisi\u00f3n\u00a0entre granjas\u201d).<\/p>\n<p>Dentro de la granja, debemos prestar especial atenci\u00f3n a las manos\/guantes, monos de trabajo, botas, y principalmente a las agujas, ya que los cerdos son\u00a0extremadamente susceptibles a la infecci\u00f3n por v\u00eda parenteral.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\u00bbaviso\u00bb]<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a9 Laboratorios Hipra, S.A. 2026. Reservados todos los derechos.<br \/>\nNinguna parte de este sitio web o cualquiera de sus contenidos puede ser reproducida, copiada, modificada o adaptada, sin el consentimiento previo por escrito de HIPRA.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row top_padding=\u00bb30&#8243; row_id=\u00bbreferencias\u00bb][vc_column width=\u00bb1\/1&#8243;]<div class=\"toggle\"><div class=\"toggle-title \"><i class='fa fal fa-book'><\/i>Referencias<\/div><div class=\"toggle-inner\"><p>\n<ul>\n<li>Albina E. Epidemiology of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS): an overview. Vet Microbiol. 1997, 55:309-16.<\/li>\n<li>Albina E, Carrat C, Charley B. Interferon-alpha response to swine arterivirus (PoAV), the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 1998, 18:485-90.<\/li>\n<li>Allende R, Laegreid WW, Kutish GF, Galeota JA, Wills RW, Osorio FA. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus: description of persistence in individual pigs upon experimental infection. J Virol. 2000, 74:10834-7.<\/li>\n<li>Andino R, Domingo E. Viral quasispecies. 2015, 479-480C:46-51.<\/li>\n<li>Arruda AG, Friendship R, Carpenter J, Hand K, Ojkic D, Poljak Z. Investigation of the Occurrence of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Virus in Swine Herds Participating in an Area Regional Control and Elimination Project in Ontario, Canada. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2015, Mar 11.<\/li>\n<li>Benfield DA, Christopher-Hennings J, Nelson EA, Rowland RR. , Nelson JK,\u00a0 Chase CL, Rossow KD, Collins JE. Persistent fetal infection of PRRS virus. In Proceedings of the28th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Swine. 1997: 455-8.<\/li>\n<li>Benfield D, Nelson J, Rossow K, Nelson C, Steffen M, Rowland R. Diagnosis of persistent or prolonged porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infections. Vet Res. 2000, 31:71.<\/li>\n<li>Benfield DA, Nelson C, Steffen M, Rowland RRR. Transmission of PRRSV by artificial insemination using extended semen seeded with different concentrations of PRRSV. Proceeding of the American Association of Swine Practitioners. 2000:405-408.<\/li>\n<li>Bierk MD, Dee SA, Rossow KD, Otake S, Collins JE, Molitor TW. Transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus from persistently infected sows to contact controls. Can J Vet Res. 2001, 65:261-6.<\/li>\n<li>Blaha T. The \u00abcolorful\u00bb epidemiology of PRRS. Vet Res. 2000, 31:77-83.<\/li>\n<li>Brockmeier SL, Lager KM. Experimental airborne transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and Bordetella bronchiseptica. Vet Microbiol. 2002, 89:267-75.<\/li>\n<li>Brito B, Dee SA, Wayne S, Alvarez J, Perez A. Genetic diversity of PRRS virus collected from air samples in four different regions of concentrated swine production during a high incidence season. Viruses. 2014, 6:4424-36.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/xpv.uab.cat\/pubmed\/,DanaInfo=.awxyCrhhpHwvxL0wwPx6C,SSL+?term=Charpin%20C%5BAuthor%5D&amp;cauthor=true&amp;cauthor_uid=23061672\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Charpin\u00a0C<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/xpv.uab.cat\/pubmed\/,DanaInfo=.awxyCrhhpHwvxL0wwPx6C,SSL+?term=Mah%C3%A9%20S%5BAuthor%5D&amp;cauthor=true&amp;cauthor_uid=23061672\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mah\u00e9 S<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/xpv.uab.cat\/pubmed\/,DanaInfo=.awxyCrhhpHwvxL0wwPx6C,SSL+?term=Keranflec%27h%20A%5BAuthor%5D&amp;cauthor=true&amp;cauthor_uid=23061672\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Keranflec&#8217;h A<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/xpv.uab.cat\/pubmed\/,DanaInfo=.awxyCrhhpHwvxL0wwPx6C,SSL+?term=Belloc%20C%5BAuthor%5D&amp;cauthor=true&amp;cauthor_uid=23061672\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Belloc C<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/xpv.uab.cat\/pubmed\/,DanaInfo=.awxyCrhhpHwvxL0wwPx6C,SSL+?term=Cariolet%20R%5BAuthor%5D&amp;cauthor=true&amp;cauthor_uid=23061672\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cariolet R<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/xpv.uab.cat\/pubmed\/,DanaInfo=.awxyCrhhpHwvxL0wwPx6C,SSL+?term=Le%20Potier%20MF%5BAuthor%5D&amp;cauthor=true&amp;cauthor_uid=23061672\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Le Potier MF<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/xpv.uab.cat\/pubmed\/,DanaInfo=.awxyCrhhpHwvxL0wwPx6C,SSL+?term=Rose%20N%5BAuthor%5D&amp;cauthor=true&amp;cauthor_uid=23061672\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rose N<\/a>. 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Transmisi\u00f3n directa: [\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text] a) Transmisi\u00f3n horizontal [\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text] a.1) V\u00edas de excreci\u00f3n: Los cerdos infectados pueden excretar el virus por m\u00faltiples v\u00edas y durante un largo\u00a0periodo de tiempo; principalmente por la saliva y el semen; de forma menos frecuente por\u00a0la leche y el calostro, y raramente y de forma espor\u00e1dica por las secreciones nasales, orina\u00a0y heces. La cantidad de virus excretado, junto a la duraci\u00f3n de la excreci\u00f3n, var\u00eda de forma\u00a0significativa entre cepas.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text][\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text] a.2) V\u00edas de entrada: Los cerdos pueden infectarse por varias v\u00edas, incluyendo la oral, la intranasal, la parenteral\u00a0y la sexual (intrauterina y vaginal). La probabilidad de infectarse depende en gran medida\u00a0de la v\u00eda y de la dosis.\u00a0Adem\u00e1s, se han observado diferencias entre cepas para todas las\u00a0v\u00edas de transmisi\u00f3n.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text][\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text] a.3) Infecci\u00f3n cr\u00f3nica\/persistente (animales portadores): El virus puede detectarse en la sangre durante largos periodos de tiempo. La duraci\u00f3n de\u00a0la viremia est\u00e1 marcadamente influenciada por la cepa y la edad del animal. As\u00ed, puede\u00a0durar semanas en lechones (hasta 90 d\u00edas), mientras que en adultos puede desaparecer en\u00a0tan s\u00f3lo unos d\u00edas. Tras la viremia, el virus puede persistir durante semanas en el animal,\u00a0principalmente en tonsilas y otros tejidos linfoides. Aunque la mayor\u00eda de cerdos eliminan\u00a0el virus en 90-120 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":17056,"parent":20725,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_cbd_carousel_blocks":"[]","yasr_overall_rating":0,"yasr_post_is_review":"","yasr_auto_insert_disabled":"","yasr_review_type":"Product","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20707","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yasr_visitor_votes":{"number_of_votes":0,"sum_votes":0,"stars_attributes":{"read_only":false,"span_bottom":false}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20707","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/19"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20707"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20707\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20894,"href":"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20707\/revisions\/20894"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20725"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17056"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20707"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20707"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prrscontrol.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20707"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}