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Lidia de Lucas1, Salvador Romero1, Tiago Nunes1, Joel Miranda2 1Global Product Manager, HIPRA 2Global Franchise Manager, HIPRA Control of the disease caused by the PRRS virus remains a source of frustration for all producers and veterinarians. And no wonder! The reasons why controlling the disease is so complex include the need for a multifactorial approach and the fact that no solution alone is exclusive and effective. In the face of the difficulties posed by the PRRS virus, a disease control plan should include measures such as proper management of the animals, appropriate immunisation and a biosecurity plan that reduces...
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New publication in the International Pig Veterinary Society 2022 Evaluation of ASF and PRRS virus transmission between pigs when using conventional needle and needle-free device Introduction Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), a devastating disease in pigs characterized by respiratory and reproductive disease, has been present in Southeast Asia (SEA) since 90’s [1]. In addition to PRRS, the widespread of African swine fever (ASF) in this SEA region has increased a threat to ASF free herds [2]. Intramuscular administration using needles has been the main route of vaccination in pigs although, risks associated with conventional needles are high. PRRS...
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Verify seroconversion of all animals on a farm is a method used today on multiplication and commercial farms in Spain/Europe? If it is, in what proportion of these evaluations are PCR and ELISA used? Is the gold standard always used or are other commercial options available? At what ages should samples be taken and how often should this be done to get a clear picture of what is happening on the farm? Using ELISA to detect seroconversion is not the best method to verify if a farm has a homogeneous immune status that would prevent the PRRS virus from...
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Is there any possibility of incursion and spreading of PRRSV through pork? Should farmworkers avoid touching or bringing pork to the farm for PRRS prevention? The risk of spreading PRRSV through pork cannot be 100% excluded; however, the likelihood is very low. First, a comparatively high amount of virus would be needed to infect a pig with PRRSV through the oral route (1 x 105.3 TCID50) compared to parenteral exposure (≤20 particles can result in infection). Also, the probability of acute infection with high amounts of replicating virus being present is rather low in slaughter age pigs compared to...
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On a farrow to nursery farm with 200 sows, 20 blood samples were taken from sows, gilts, and piglets. All samples were negative for PRRS by ELISA except one, which was from a 5th parity sow. No pathology associated with PRRS was observed, and no vaccination against this disease was done. The farm has good performance, 90% fertility and 14 piglets weaned per sow. How should we interpret these analytical results? No ELISA test is 100% specific. Specificity is the test's probability of correctly detecting negative animals. When referring specifically to the PRRS virus, the best ELISA tests on the...
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There are many HP-PRRSV cases in China and Southeast Asia. And there are highly pathogenic Lena strain outbreaks in eastern Europe. Why are these highly pathogenic PRRS outbreaks localized in some countries? Is there any possibility of these highly pathogenic PRRSV strains occurring in Korea? Can we not detect them in lab tests for some reason? Highly pathogenic PRRS (Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome) is characterized by unusual, very high morbidity in affected pigs compared to the traditionally known PRRS. A part from severe febrile reaction, a variety of gross lesions and clinical signs were reported from HP PRRS cases,...
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Is blanket vaccination of the sow herd 4 times a year the best for controlling PRRS? If so, do I need to vaccinate the progeny? Sow blanket vaccination 3-4 times a year is the best strategy to control PRRS, but we must remember that vaccine protection is not 100% as it varies depending on the strain present on the farm. What can we expect from a PRRS live vaccine? It is also important to keep in mind that vaccination will help reduce clinical signs among sows and will also reduce virus shedding, helping prevent viremia in newborn pigs. ...
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Different modified live vaccines (MLV) are available in the market for both PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2. Which should we use to successfully control PRRS in regions where there's coinfection? The co-existence of both PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 at individual and herd level has been increasingly reported in several Asian countries, including China, Korea, and Vietnam (Chen et al., 2011; Kim et al., 2011) and also in some European countries such as Denmark and Germany. Different modified live vaccines (MLV) are available in the market for both PRRSV species so it is difficult to justify which species of PRRSV MLV should be used...
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Immune suppression from PRRS vaccine: Can it differ based on the type of PRRS vaccine? Vaccination with PRRS MLV vaccine is like a field virus infection because the virus in the vaccine still has its natural ability to replicate in the host, shedding to in-contact pigs, and potentially suppress the host immune response by altering pro-inflammatory cytokine production, especially IL-10. Is IL-10 relevant for the PRRSV immune response? IL-10 functions as an immunosuppressive cytokine that can inhibit the host immune response. It is well established that IL-10 strongly inhibits cytokine production and proliferation fo CD4+ cells, in particular, the T...
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Monitoring programs will differ depending on whether they are to be applied to a farm, an area, or a country, but I understand that in this case we are referring to a farm. The program will vary depending on the type of farm and its disease status. In the case of the PRRS, five possible statuses have been described: What sample and technique should we use to check the PRRS status in a NEGATIVE farm? To confirm a negative status, it would be enough to take 30 samples from breeding animals every quarter. This sample size would allow...
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