1 Taxonomy

Recently, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses has re-classified the two genotypes as two different species: PRRSV1 and PRRSV2.

Family Arteriviridae

Genus Diparterivirus WPDV: Wobbly possum disease virus

Genus Equartevirus   EAV: Equine arteritis virus

Genus Nesartevirus   APRAV: African pouched rat arterivirus

Genus Porarterivirus LDV: Lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus

RA1: Rat arterivirus 1

                                 PRRSV1: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 1

                                 PRRSV2: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2

Genus Simartevirus   SHFV: Simian haemorrhagic fever virus

Both PRRSV1 and PRRSV2 belong to the genus Porarterivirus, one of the five genera established within the family Arteriviridae, placed with the families Mesoniviridae, Roniviridae and Coronaviridae in the order Nidovirales.

Species in the family Arteriviridae have a nucleotide identity of around 40-70%.

Although arteriviruses share an evolutionary relationship with other members of the order, several of their characteristics are unique: genomic organization and size (from 12.7 to 15.7 kb); high genetic variability; morphology of the virion; limited cellular specificity (all replicate in alveolar macrophages, apart from WPDV and some viruses that affect simians, for which the cell types are yet unknown); and capacity to cause persistent or, in some cases, asymptomatic infections.

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