6 Why cell-mediated immunity against PRRS virus is slow and weak?

Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain this phenomenon:

  1. Impairment or enhancement of some cytokines:
    Impairment of some cytokines such as IFN-α or TNF-α can affect the development of an effective Th1 immune response. Also, the induction of IL-10 by PRRS virus may negatively regulate the cell responses.
  2. Interference with correct antigen presentation and activation of T lymphocytes:
    The PRRS virus down-regulation of given cytokines or of immunologically relevant cell-surface molecules during antigen presentation can affect the development of effective cell responses.
  3. Presence of T regulatory (Treg) cells:
    As seen before, the major function of Treg cells is to down-regulate immune responses. It has been demonstrated that several viruses evade host immunity by promoting Treg and/or the secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β.
    After a PRRSV2 infection, these cells have been consistently observed in lymphoid tissues related to a strong TGF-β production.
    However, no clear evidences exist about a positive correlation between the length of viremia and the development of Treg cells. N protein could be involved in the upregulation of the frequency of Treg. Differences regarding the ability to generate Tregs could exist among PRRS virus isolates.
  4. Genetic variability:
    Similarly to NAs, continuous creation of escape mutants could prevent the correct development of cell-mediated immunity.

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      Lawful basis: Performance of the contractual relationship and HIPRA's legitimate Interest.
      Recipients: Third parties to which HIPRA has entrusted cloud computing, security, auditing, mailing, technical and computer support services, as well as companies in its group.
      Rights: Request access to and rectification or erasure of personal data and other rights as explained in the additional information. You can seeview the detailed additional information about data protection in our Privacy Policy.

      For further information, please check our detailed information on Data Protection.

      Información básica sobre protección de datos:

      Responsable del tratamiento: LABORATORIOS HIPRA, S.A.
      Propósitos: Gestionar la relación contractual y comercial con HIPRA, incluido el envío de noticias, promociones e invitaciones a eventos patrocinados por HIPRA.
      Fundamentos legales: Cumplimiento de la relación contractual e interés legítimo de HIPRA.
      Destinatarios: Terceros a los que HIPRA ha encargado las tareas de computación en la nube, seguridad, auditoría, correo, servicios de soporte técnico e informático, así como empresas de su grupo.
      Derechos: Solicitar el acceso y la rectificación o eliminación de los datos personales y otros derechos, tal como se explica en la información adicional. Puede ver la información adicional detallada sobre la protección de datos en nuestra Política de Privacidad.

      Para obtener más información, consulte nuestra información detallada sobre Protección de datos.