El diagnóstico laboratorial es absolutamente necesario para confirmar el PRRS. Obviamente, un diagnóstico correcto, preciso y representativo depende en gran medida de la calidad y la idoneidad de las muestras.
Tal y como se ha señalado en numerosas ocasiones, este virus es relativamente lábil. Por tanto, las muestras deben mantenerse en condiciones de refrigeración (4 ºC) y enviarse al laboratorio de diagnóstico rápidamente (mejor antes de las 24 h).
1 Las muestras conservadas en condiciones de refrigeración deben enviarse al laboratorio de diagnóstico en un plazo de 24 a 48 h. En el laboratorio, el suero/tejido debe congelarse para un mantenimiento a largo plazo; idealmente a -20ºC para la detección del genoma y a -80ºC para el aislamiento.
2 Se pueden usar muestras de fetos momificados y autolíticos, pero rara vez dan resultados positivos.
3 Dado que el virus del PRRS se elimina de forma intermitente en el semen, debería analizarse más de una muestra en diferentes momentos.
4 Los pooles (mezcla de muestras sanguíneas) es una práctica común utilizada para reducir costos. Sin embargo, esta práctica puede afectar la sensibilidad. En cualquier caso, debe evitarse la mezcla de más de 4-5 muestras.
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