4 ¿Cuántas cepas pueden co-existir en una misma granja?

La respuesta es bastante simple: a priori, no hay límite.

Para poder seguir explorando este tema, a continuación se analizarán algunos de los datos disponibles. En el pasado, se creía que la recombinación entre diferentes cepas era un fenómeno poco común.

Sin embargo, el análisis de las secuencias del genoma completo ha demostrado que la recombinación es muy frecuente y ocurre a lo largo del genoma, tanto en las cepas PRRSV1 como en las PRRSV2.

De hecho, estudios recientes han demostrado que bastantes cepas de ambas especies son el resultado de la recombinación.

Obviamente, para que ocurra la recombinación, es necesario que al menos dos cepas diferentes estén infectando al mismo animal al mismo tiempo. En algunos casos, la recombinación ha implicado la participación de tres cepas diferentes, o incluso más.

Por lo tanto, si la recombinación es mucho más común de lo que pensábamos en el pasado, no podemos descartar la coexistencia simultánea de más de una cepa en el mismo rebaño/ granja, especialmente en las más grandes.

De hecho, varios estudios han identificado la presencia de dos a ocho cepas en un mismo rebaño durante un período de tres meses a cuatro años. En una granja concreta, se podría identificar la presencia de nuevas cepas por una bioseguridad externa insuficiente, lo cual permite una entrada lateral de cepas de fuera de la granja o debido a la alta tasa de mutación del virus, lo cual podría generar nuevas variantes.

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