4 Infecciones concomitantes o secundarias

La infección por el virus del PRRS puede incrementar la susceptibilidad de los cerdos a otras infecciones o, alternativamente, otras infecciones pueden existir de forma simultánea. Sea cual sea el caso, en condiciones de campo la presencia de otros patógenos, ya sean virus y/o bacterias, es muy común durante o tras la infección del virus del PRRS.

Obviamente, la simultaneidad de infecciones complica el cuadro clínico y el diagnóstico. Este fenómeno es especialmente evidente en lechones destetados y en la fase del cebo.

El término Complejo respiratorio porcino (CRP) define el trastorno respiratorio multifactorial causado por las interacciones de virus y bacterias, así como por el manejo, la genética y los factores ambientales. Entre otros signos, se caracteriza por anorexia, bajo crecimiento, fiebre, tos y disnea.

El virus del PRRS es uno de los principales agentes primarios del CRP.

La infección por el virus del PRRS incrementa la susceptibilidad de los cerdos a otras infecciones por múltiples razones:

  • El virus del PRRS daña o afecta la ultraestructura del tracto respiratorio; este hecho dificulta la eliminación de las bacterias.
  • Los macrófagos alveolares, que son las principales células implicadas en la defensa pulmonar, son las células diana del virus del PRRS. Más específicamente, el virus se replica en la subpoblación de macrófagos alveolares que tienen la mayor capacidad para fagocitar bacterias y producir componentes para destruirlas. Además, el virus también interfiere en la funcionalidad de otras células presentadoras de antígeno.

En resumen, el virus del PRRS:

  • … puede destruir los macrófagos infectados y los no infectados induciendo de forma directa o indirecta necrosis o apoptosis.
  • … puede reducir la capacidad bactericida de los macrófagos.
  • … puede inhibir citoquinas que tienen propiedades antivirales, como por ejemplo los IFNs tipo I, incluso en presencia de otros virus.
  • … puede inducir un desequilibrio entre las citoquinas pro y antiinflamatorias.
  • … puede perjudicar la respuesta inmunitaria mediante la inducción de la secreción de ciertas citoquinas.
  • … puede interferir en la correcta presentación del antígeno.
  • … puede disminuir la capacidad citotóxica de las células naturales asesinas (células NK).

La magnitud de los fenómenos mencionados puede variar entre cepas.

En consecuencia, el virus del PRRS interfiere en el desarrollo de la respuesta inmunitaria del hospedador frente a infecciones víricas y bacterianas.

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      Destinatari: Terzi a cui HIPRA ha affidato servizi di cloud computing, sicurezza, auditing, mailing, supporto tecnico e informatico, nonché società del suo gruppo.
      Diritti: Richiedere l'accesso e la rettifica o la cancellazione dei dati personali e altri diritti come spiegato nelle informazioni aggiuntive. Puoi vedere le informazioni aggiuntive dettagliate sulla protezione dei dati nella nostra Informativa sulla privacy.

      Per ulteriori informazioni, puoi consultare le nostre informazioni dettagliate sulla Protezione dei dati.

      基本個人資料保護資訊：

      控制者: LABORATORIOS HIPRA, S.A.
      目的: 管理與海博萊的合約和/或業務關係，包括發送新聞、宣傳和海博萊贊助的活動邀請。
      法律依據: 合約關係的履行和海博萊的合法利益。
      接收者: 海博萊委託提供雲端運算、安全、稽核、郵寄、技術和電腦支援服務的第三方以及其集團內的公司。
      權利: Request access to and rectification or erasure of personal data and other rights as explained in the additional information. You can seeview the detailed additional information about data protection in our Privacy Policy.

      For further information, please check our detailed information on Data Protection.

      Basic Personal Data Protection information:

      Controller: LABORATORIOS HIPRA, S.A.
      Purposes: Managing the contractual and/or business relationship with HIPRA, including sending news, promotions and invitations to events sponsored by HIPRA.
      Lawful basis: Performance of the contractual relationship and HIPRA's legitimate Interest.
      Recipients: Third parties to which HIPRA has entrusted cloud computing, security, auditing, mailing, technical and computer support services, as well as companies in its group.
      Rights: Request access to and rectification or erasure of personal data and other rights as explained in the additional information. You can seeview the detailed additional information about data protection in our Privacy Policy.

      For further information, please check our detailed information on Data Protection.

      Información básica sobre protección de datos:

      Responsable del tratamiento: LABORATORIOS HIPRA, S.A.
      Propósitos: Gestionar la relación contractual y comercial con HIPRA, incluido el envío de noticias, promociones e invitaciones a eventos patrocinados por HIPRA.
      Fundamentos legales: Cumplimiento de la relación contractual e interés legítimo de HIPRA.
      Destinatarios: Terceros a los que HIPRA ha encargado las tareas de computación en la nube, seguridad, auditoría, correo, servicios de soporte técnico e informático, así como empresas de su grupo.
      Derechos: Solicitar el acceso y la rectificación o eliminación de los datos personales y otros derechos, tal como se explica en la información adicional. Puede ver la información adicional detallada sobre la protección de datos en nuestra Política de Privacidad.

      Para obtener más información, consulte nuestra información detallada sobre Protección de datos.